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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Toroids01:27

Toroids

A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb points in the...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds01:14

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds

In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as annulenes. In...

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Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
13:44

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Published on: December 27, 2012

Toroidal dipole response in a multifold double-ring metamaterial.

Zheng-Gao Dong1, Peigen Ni, Jie Zhu

  • 1Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, 5130 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1740, USA.

Optics Express
|June 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study numerically investigates toroidal responses in double-ring metamaterials. Researchers found this toroidal dipole response can enhance resonance quality factors, offering potential applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Metamaterials science
  • Electromagnetism

Background:

  • Toroidal responses in metamaterials are linked to the magnetoelectric effect.
  • Broken electric near-field balance can induce toroidal resonance.
  • Metamaterials offer design flexibility for novel electromagnetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the toroidal response in multifold double-ring metamaterials.
  • To analyze the toroidal resonance at the antibonding magnetic-dipole mode.
  • To explore the impact of toroidal dipole response on resonance quality factors.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical investigation of multifold double-ring metamaterials.
  • Analysis of the antibonding magnetic-dipole mode.
  • Evaluation of the magnetoelectric effect's role in toroidal resonance.

Main Results:

  • The toroidal response was successfully investigated in the specified metamaterial structure.
  • Toroidal resonance was observed and linked to the magnetoelectric effect.
  • The toroidal dipole response was shown to improve the resonance spectrum's quality factor.

Conclusions:

  • Toroidal metamaterials exhibit enhanced resonance quality factors.
  • The magnetoelectric effect plays a crucial role in inducing toroidal resonance.
  • Design flexibility in double-ring geometry opens avenues for toroidal dipole applications.