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Aquatic-treadmill walking: quantifying drag force and energy expenditure.

Eadric Bressel1, Gerald Smith, Andrew Miller

  • 1Biomechanics Laboratory and the Sports Medicine Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA.

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
|June 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study quantifies water jet intensity, drag force, and oxygen uptake (VO2) during aquatic treadmill walking. Higher water jet intensity significantly increases energy expenditure (VO2) even at slow speeds.

Keywords:
aquatic rehabilitationoxygen consumptionbiomechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Quantifying fluid resistance from water jets and their impact on energy expenditure during aquatic treadmill walking is not well-documented.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing aquatic therapy and training protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effect of water-jet intensity on jet velocity, drag force, and oxygen uptake (VO2) during aquatic-treadmill walking.
  • To establish a methodology for measuring these variables in an aquatic treadmill setting.

Main Methods:

  • Water-jet velocities and drag forces were measured across nine intensities (0-80% maximum) using flow meters and force transducers.
  • Oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured in five participants walking on an aquatic treadmill at varying water jet intensities.

Main Results:

  • Water-jet velocities ranged from 0-1.2 m/s, and drag forces ranged from 0-47 N across the tested intensities.
  • Oxygen uptake (VO2) increased nonlinearly with water jet intensity, from 11.4 ± 1.0 to 22.2 ± 3.8 mL · kg-1 · min-1.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a method for quantifying water jet velocity and drag force in aquatic treadmill environments.
  • Results demonstrate that aquatic treadmill walking with water jets significantly increases oxygen uptake (VO2), even at slow walking speeds, highlighting its potential for enhanced training and rehabilitation.