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Related Concept Videos

Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Human Virome

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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes

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Use of In vivo Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Experimental Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates
05:53

Use of In vivo Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Experimental Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates

Published on: July 6, 2013

The microRNA Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV).

Mesfin K Meshesha1, Isana Veksler-Lublinsky, Ofer Isakov

  • 1Department of Virology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.

The Open Virology Journal
|June 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered new microRNAs (miRNAs) and related small RNAs encoded by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV or HHV5). This finding highlights the importance of viral small RNAs and aids in understanding HCMV infection.

Keywords:
CytomegalovirusHCMVHHV5bioinformatics.deep sequencingmiRNAsmoRtranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), also known as HHV5, is a common human herpesvirus with a complex genome.
  • The role of viral microRNAs (miRNAs) in HCMV pathogenesis and replication is not fully understood.
  • Characterizing the small RNA transcriptome of HCMV is crucial for understanding viral biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize the microRNA transcriptome (miRNAome) of HCMV.
  • To identify novel HCMV-encoded small RNAs, including miRNAs and microRNA-offset RNAs (moRs).
  • To analyze the expression patterns of these viral small RNAs in infected cells and biological fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Deep sequencing of small RNAs from HCMV-infected cells, plasma, and amniotic fluid.
  • Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for validation of small RNA expression.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to map and identify viral small RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of four new HCMV miRNA precursors and ten new HCMV miRNAs.
  • Identification of eleven HCMV-encoded microRNA-offset RNAs (moRs).
  • Approximately 80% of total HCMV reads mapped perfectly to HCMV-encoded miRNAs, indicating their significant biological role.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified novel HCMV-encoded small RNAs using a combined bioinformatics and biological approach.
  • The high proportion of reads mapping to HCMV miRNAs suggests a critical, yet largely uncharacterized, biological function.
  • This methodology can be extended to discover small RNAs in other viral infections.