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Related Concept Videos

Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results from...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
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Making the economic case for prevention--a view from Wales.

Janine Hale1, Ceri J Phillips, Tony Jewell

  • 1Health, Social Services and Children Analytical Team, Welsh Government, 4th Floor, North Core, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NQ, UK. Janine.Hale@wales.gsi.gov.uk

BMC Public Health
|June 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adverse lifestyle behaviors create future health burdens. Evaluating prevention programs solely on cost savings is a flawed metric; they offer cost-effective value for money and should be strategically funded.

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Published on: May 15, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Public Health Economics
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Adverse lifestyle behaviors (e.g., obesity, alcohol, tobacco) pose a significant future financial strain on health services.
  • The National Health Service (NHS) in Wales faces costs exceeding £540 million from these behaviors.
  • Financial austerity pressures can lead to an overemphasis on cost savings when evaluating prevention initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the role of economic evaluations in public health and prevention.
  • To address concerns that prevention programs are being assessed using inappropriate metrics, focusing too narrowly on immediate cost savings.
  • To contribute to the discussion on how economics can best inform decision-making for public health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on the economic burden of diseases and cost savings from prevention.
  • Analysis of the application of economic metrics in policy decisions for public health.
  • Discussion of appropriate evaluation standards for prevention and early intervention programs.

Main Results:

  • Economic burden studies highlight the scale of the problem but are not ideal for setting priorities.
  • Focusing solely on potential savings may misrepresent the value of public health interventions.
  • Prevention programs demonstrate value for money when assessed using standard economic techniques and decision-making metrics.

Conclusions:

  • Prevention and early intervention programs should be evaluated to the same rigorous standards as other health services.
  • Public health budgets must be protected from diversion to cover secondary care shortfalls, especially during financial constraints.
  • Strategic investment in prevention is crucial to mitigate the future burden of lifestyle-related illnesses on the NHS.