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Visual information processing dysfunction across the developmental course of early psychosis.

V B Perez¹, K M Shafer, K S Cadenhead

¹University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA.

Psychological Medicine

|June 22, 2012

Summary

Visual information processing deficits, measured by backward visual masking (VM), are present before and after psychosis onset. These impairments likely indicate a stable vulnerability marker linked to negative symptoms and functional decline.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Schizophrenia patients show consistent information processing abnormalities.
These deficits, assessed via visual masking (VM) tasks, correlate with clinical and functional severity.
VM impairments may serve as a vulnerability marker for psychosis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess visual information processing in first-episode (FE) psychosis patients, at-risk (AR) individuals, and healthy controls (HC).
To examine the stability of VM performance over time.
To investigate the association of VM deficits with clinical and functional measures.

Main Methods:

Assessed forward and backward VM using identification and location tasks.
Evaluated 72 FE patients, 98 AR subjects, and 98 HC.
Examined VM stability in subgroups and its relation to clinical/functional data.

Main Results:

Backward VM deficits were found in FE patients and AR subjects compared to HC.
Forward VM deficits were observed only in FE patients.
VM performance was stable, and deficits correlated with functional measures and predicted negative symptoms.

Conclusions:

Backward VM deficits are present before and after psychosis onset, suggesting a stable vulnerability marker.
These deficits are linked to negative symptoms and functional decline.
Enhanced forward VM in AR subjects may indicate early compensatory changes in emerging psychosis.