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Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

Non-Markovian polymer reaction kinetics.

T Guérin1, O Bénichou, R Voituriez

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de Matière Condensée, CNRS/UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.

Nature Chemistry
|June 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new analytical method for polymer reaction kinetics, accounting for non-Markovian dynamics. It reveals that reactive polymer conformations are more extended, leading to faster reaction times than previously predicted.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

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Published on: November 27, 2015

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Polymer reaction kinetics, including loop and hairpin formation in nucleic acids and polypeptides, are complex due to chain dynamics.
  • Existing theoretical treatments lack exact analytical solutions for transport-limited polymer reaction kinetics, especially for simple models like the Rouse model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel analytical approach for calculating the mean reaction time of polymer reactions.
  • To incorporate non-Markovian dynamics of monomer motion into the kinetic analysis.
  • To determine the conformational statistics of polymers at the moment of reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a new analytical framework to model polymer reaction kinetics.
  • Inclusion of non-Markovian dynamics to capture complex monomer motion.
  • Analysis of conformational statistics at the reaction instant.

Main Results:

  • The developed method accurately calculates mean reaction times by considering non-Markovian dynamics.
  • The study reveals that polymers adopt more extended conformations during reactions than at equilibrium.
  • This leads to significantly shorter reaction times compared to predictions from classical Markovian theories.

Conclusions:

  • The new analytical approach provides a more accurate description of transport-limited polymer reaction kinetics.
  • Understanding polymer conformational dynamics at the reaction site is crucial for accurate kinetic predictions.
  • The findings challenge existing theories and offer new insights into polymer reaction pathways.