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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Published on: May 21, 2012

Intestinal CD103(-) dendritic cells migrate in lymph and prime effector T cells.

V Cerovic¹, S A Houston, C L Scott

¹Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. vuk.cerovic@glasgow.ac.uk

Mucosal Immunology

|June 22, 2012

Summary

Two new subsets of intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) were discovered in lymph. These CD103(-) DCs rapidly generate gut-homing effector T cells, offering potential targets for treating intestinal inflammation and developing oral vaccines.

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Published on: September 18, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Gastroenterology
Cell Biology

Background:

Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for initiating gut immunity and tolerance.
Research has primarily focused on CD103-expressing intestinal DCs.
Understanding the full spectrum of intestinal DC subsets is vital for immune regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize novel subsets of intestinal dendritic cells in lymph.
To investigate the functional properties of these newly identified DC subsets, particularly their interaction with T cells.
To explore the potential therapeutic implications of these DCs in gut inflammation and vaccine development.

Main Methods:

Analysis of intestinal lymph to identify distinct dendritic cell populations.
Phenotypic characterization of CD103(-) dendritic cell subsets using flow cytometry.
Functional assays to assess the capacity of these DCs to prime and differentiate naive T cells.
Evaluation of T cell responses, including the induction of specific cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-17).

Main Results:

Discovery of two previously undescribed CD103(-) dendritic cell subsets in intestinal lymph.
These CD103(-) DCs are responsive to Flt3 stimulation and prime naive T cells, conferring a gut-homing phenotype.
A specific subset, CD103(-) CD11b(+) CX(3)CR1(int) lymph DCs, uniquely induces differentiation of both IFN-γ and IL-17 producing effector T cells without overt stimulation.
This priming represents a novel mechanism for rapid effector T cell generation in the gut.

Conclusions:

Intestinal lymph harbors distinct CD103(-) dendritic cell subsets with unique immune-priming capabilities.
The CD103(-) CD11b(+) CX(3)CR1(int) DC subset offers a novel pathway for rapid effector T cell responses in the gut.
These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for intestinal inflammation and the development of oral vaccines.