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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

An Experimental Protocol for Assessing the Performance of New Ultrasound Probes Based on CMUT Technology in Application to Brain Imaging
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An Experimental Protocol for Assessing the Performance of New Ultrasound Probes Based on CMUT Technology in Application to Brain Imaging

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Volumetric real-time imaging using a CMUT ring array.

Jung Woo Choe1, Ömer Oralkan, Amin Nikoozadeh

  • 1Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. choejw@stanford.edu

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
|June 22, 2012
PubMed
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A novel capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) ring array enables advanced intravascular imaging. Synthetic phased array (SPA) imaging with Hadamard coding offers superior resolution and faster frame rates for real-time applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Ultrasound Technology

Background:

  • Ring arrays are geometrically suitable for volumetric intracardiac and intravascular ultrasound imaging.
  • Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) offer a promising technology for miniaturized ultrasound arrays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present simulated and experimental imaging results from a fabricated 64-element, 10-MHz CMUT ring array.
  • To evaluate different imaging methods, including flash, classic phased array (CPA), and synthetic phased array (SPA), for this array geometry.
  • To assess the effectiveness of Hadamard coding and aperture weighting for enhancing SPA imaging quality.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an annular 64-element CMUT array with a 1.27-mm outer radius and 10-MHz operating frequency.

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  • Development of a custom PC-based software suite for real-time imaging.
  • Implementation and comparison of flash, CPA, and SPA imaging techniques, with Hadamard coding and aperture weighting applied to SPA.

    • Main Results:

    • Synthetic phased array (SPA) imaging, particularly with Hadamard coding and aperture weighting, demonstrated superior image resolution compared to CPA.
    • SPA achieved a comparable signal-to-noise ratio to CPA but at a significantly faster image acquisition rate.
    • The system demonstrated the potential for high frame rates (up to 463 volumes/second) limited by ultrasound time-of-flight, with real-time reconstruction of three cross-sectional images at 10 frames/second limited by computation time.

    Conclusions:

    • SPA with Hadamard coding and aperture weighting is an effective imaging strategy for CMUT ring arrays.
    • This approach offers improved resolution and faster acquisition rates crucial for real-time intravascular and intracardiac imaging.
    • The developed CMUT ring array system shows potential for high-performance volumetric ultrasound imaging applications.