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Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Formation of Complex Ions

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Published on: March 19, 2020

Bis(2,S-dimethyl-dithio-carbazate-κ(2)N(3),S)(nitrato-κO)copper(II) nitrate.

Saroj K S Hazari, B K Dey, B Ganguly

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|June 22, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a new copper(II) complex, [Cu(NO3)(C3H8N2S2)2]NO3, revealing a distinct low-symmetry crystal structure. This polymorph exhibits unique coordination geometry and intermolecular interactions, differing from previously documented forms.

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Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

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Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Published on: October 8, 2016

Area of Science:

Coordination Chemistry
Crystallography
Materials Science

Background:

The synthesis and characterization of metal complexes are crucial for developing new materials.
Polymorphism in coordination compounds can significantly influence their physical and chemical properties.
Understanding crystal packing and intermolecular interactions is key to predicting material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize a novel low-symmetry polymorph of a copper(II) complex.
To elucidate the crystal structure and coordination geometry of the new polymorph.
To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
The coordination environment around the Cu(II) center was analyzed.
Intermolecular interactions, such as N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, were identified.

Main Results:

A new polymorph of [Cu(NO3)(C3H8N2S2)2]NO3 with space group P-1 and Z=4 was identified.
The Cu(II) ions exhibit a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry (N2S2O).
The crystal structure features supramolecular layers stabilized by N-H⋯O interactions and connected by C-H⋯O interactions.

Conclusions:

The identified low-symmetry polymorph presents a distinct structural arrangement compared to previously reported forms.
The study highlights the importance of crystal engineering in controlling polymorphism.
The observed intermolecular interactions provide insights into the self-assembly of the crystal structure.