Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction

α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction

The method to achieve α-brominated carboxylic acids using a mixture of phosphorus tribromide and bromine is known as the Hell–Volhard–Zelinski reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by phosphorus tribromide, which can be used directly or produced in situ from red phosphorus and bromine. The mechanism comprises PBr3 catalyzed conversion of acid to acid bromide and hydrogen bromide. The acid bromide enolizes to its enol form in the presence of HBr. The nucleophilic enol attacks the bromine molecule...

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene

The Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions involve the addition of an acyl group to an aromatic ring. These reactions proceed via electrophilic aromatic substitution by employing an acyl chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride to form aryl ketone.

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Solvent effect, DFT and NLO studies of A-π-D-π-A and A-π-D-π-D push-pull chromophore of 1,2-diazepin-4-ol based derivatives with optical limiting application.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2024

Same author

Enhanced NLO response and switching self-focussing in benzodiazepine derivative with -NO<sub>2</sub> and -Br substitution.

Heliyon·2023

Same author

Phylogenetic and immunological investigations of complete TSA56 ORF of Orientia tsutsugamushi present in acute encephalitis syndrome cases from eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Archives of microbiology·2023

Same author

Challenges in Accessing and Delivering Maternal and Child Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Rapid Survey from Six States of India.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2023

Same author

Co-circulation of all the four Dengue virus serotypes during 2018-2019: first report from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

PeerJ·2023

Same author

Health status of tribes of Uttar Pradesh with special reference to health-seeking behaviour of uncharted <i>Tharu</i> tribe: A mapping review.

The Indian journal of medical research·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Published on: August 19, 2013

2-(2-Bromo-phen-yl)acetic acid.

Rajni Kant, Kamini Kapoor, B Narayana

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|June 22, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a brominated benzoic acid derivative. Molecular analysis reveals significant carboxyl group twisting and intermolecular hydrogen bonding forming dimers and layered structures.

More Related Videos

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Published on: August 19, 2013

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry
Molecular Structure

Background:

Understanding molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions is crucial in crystal engineering.
Benzoic acid derivatives are common motifs in organic materials with diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of C(8)H(7)BrO(2).
To analyze the conformational preferences of the carboxyl group relative to the benzene ring.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks (O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O) was performed.

Main Results:

The carboxyl group exhibits a significant twist of 76.2(3)° from the benzene ring plane.
Molecules form inversion dimers via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
These dimers are arranged into layers parallel to the bc plane through C-H⋯O interactions.

Conclusions:

The crystal packing is dominated by strong O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming dimers.
Weaker C-H⋯O interactions play a role in stabilizing the layered architecture.
The observed conformation highlights the interplay between intramolecular and intermolecular forces in this brominated benzoic acid derivative.