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Related Concept Videos

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...

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A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
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2-Azido-1-(4-nitro-phen-yl)ethanone.

Sammer Yousuf, Muhammad Arshad, Hafiza Madiha Butt

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |June 22, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(8)H(6)N(4)O(3). Molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions like hydrogen bonds and pi-stacking were analyzed.

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    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular structure and intermolecular forces is crucial for predicting material properties.
    • Organic compounds with nitro and ketone functionalities exhibit diverse chemical behaviors.
    • Crystal engineering aims to design materials with specific functionalities based on molecular packing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound C(8)H(6)N(4)O(3).
    • To analyze the molecular geometry, including the orientation of functional groups relative to the aromatic ring.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles provided insights into molecular geometry.
    • Intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking, were identified and quantified.

    Main Results:

    • The ketone and nitro groups are non-planar with the benzene ring, showing specific tilt angles of 18.92(6)° and 24.11(15)°, respectively.
    • Molecules self-assemble into interwoven chains along the [100] direction.
    • Crystal packing is stabilized by C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and weak π-π stacking interactions with a centroid-centroid separation of 3.897(3) Å.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of C(8)H(6)N(4)O(3).
    • The observed molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions dictate the solid-state architecture.
    • This structural information is valuable for understanding structure-property relationships in related organic materials.