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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Boosting regulatory T cell function by CD4 stimulation enters the clinic.

Christian Becker1, Tobias Bopp, Helmut Jonuleit

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Novel therapies for allergies, autoimmunity, and transplant rejection may emerge from understanding immune tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are activated by CD4 ligands, suggesting a key mechanism for tolerance induction.

Keywords:
anti-CD4cAMPmonoclonal antibodyregulatory T cellstolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • Immune tolerance mechanisms are crucial for managing allergies, autoimmunity, and preventing transplant rejection.
  • Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) administration shows promise for inducing tolerance in various models.
  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) are increasingly recognized for their role in immune regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on Treg's role in peripheral tolerance.
  • To explore mechanisms of Treg-mediated suppression.
  • To discuss the clinical potential of CD4 stimulation for harnessing Treg activity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Treg and CD4-mediated tolerance.
  • Analysis of studies investigating Treg activation by CD4 ligands.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding Treg-mediated suppression mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) are directly activated by non-depleting CD4 ligands.
  • Treg activation is a central mechanism in anti-CD4-mediated tolerance induction.
  • Evidence supports Treg's critical role in peripheral immune tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Harnessing Treg suppressive activity through CD4 stimulation offers potential clinical applications.
  • Understanding Treg function is key to developing new immune intervention therapies.
  • CD4 stimulation represents a promising strategy for inducing and maintaining immune tolerance.