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Adult Stem Cells

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

Published on: February 28, 2017

Amniotic fluid stem cells: future perspectives.

Margit Rosner¹, Katharina Schipany, Bharanidharan Shanmugasundaram

¹Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Stem Cells International

|June 22, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells offer a powerful, ethically sourced tool for research and therapy. These cells are easily cultured, stable, and can differentiate into all three germ layers with reduced tumor risk.

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Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Regenerative medicine
Developmental biology

Background:

Human amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells were discovered nearly a decade ago.
Knowledge and applications of AFS cells have expanded significantly since their discovery.
AFS cells are recognized as valuable tools for fundamental research and novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the current understanding of amniotic fluid stem cells.
To discuss future research directions and key questions in the field.
To highlight the potential of AFS cells in scientific and therapeutic contexts.

Main Methods:

Review of existing scientific literature on amniotic fluid stem cells.
Analysis of AFS cell characteristics, including differentiation potential and tumorigenicity.
Discussion of ethical considerations and future research perspectives.

Main Results:

AFS cells can be generated into stable, monoclonal cell lines with high proliferation capacity.
AFS cells demonstrate differentiation potential across all three germ layers.
AFS cells exhibit lower tumorigenicity compared to other pluripotent stem cell types.

Conclusions:

AFS cells represent a promising, ethically viable source for stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
Further research is needed to address key questions and fully realize the therapeutic potential of AFS cells.
The unique properties of AFS cells position them as a significant area for future scientific investigation.