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Establishing Cell Lines Overexpressing DR3 to Assess the Apoptotic Response to Anti-mitotic Therapeutics
Published on: January 11, 2019
Biology and medicinal chemistry approaches towards various apoptosis inducers
Vivek K Vyas1, Chetan Chintha, Mitul R Pandya
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Charodi, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India. vicky_1744@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Apoptosis is a genetically in-built process whereby organisms remove unwanted cells. Apoptosis can serve as a regulatory and defense mechanism in the formation of the shape and size of the human body and also to eradicate surplus amount of cells. The regulation of apoptosis is relevant and differentiates between a normal cells of body and cancer cells by loss of control. Apoptosis being an intricate process regulated by much more than just a biological mechanism. The induction of the apoptosis manifests the control on the tumour size and number of tumour cells hence establishing the application of apoptotic inducers as vital components in the treatment of cancer. During apoptosis, cells die in a controlled and regulated fashion which makes apoptosis distinct from necrosis (uncontrolled cell death). Protein components and regulators for apoptosis signaling pathways can involve the mitochondria (intrinsic pathway) or signal through death receptors (extrinsic pathway). Many different drug and gene therapy approaches are being tested for initiating apoptosis. Resistance to apoptosis is considered a hallmark of cancer. Therapeutic approaches attempted to date include traditional small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins and several classes of chemical compounds discussed in this review. These compounds may serve as precursor molecules for more effective drugs, all aimed at developing clinically effective therapeutics, targeting key apoptosis regulatory mechanism. This review will discuss the current understanding of apoptosis induced by various chemical agents and highlighting the role of apoptosis inducing agents as emerging opportunities for cancer therapy.
Insights
Apoptosis, a programmed cell death, is crucial for normal development and cancer control. Inducing apoptosis in cancer cells offers a promising therapeutic strategy.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Apoptosis is a regulated cellular process essential for development and tissue homeostasis.
- Dysregulation of apoptosis contributes to cancer development and progression.
- Cancer cells often exhibit resistance to apoptosis, a key hallmark of malignancy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of apoptosis induction by various chemical agents.
- To highlight the role of apoptosis-inducing agents as potential cancer therapeutics.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on apoptosis and cancer therapy.
- Discussion of chemical compounds and therapeutic approaches targeting apoptosis.
Main Results:
- Apoptosis induction effectively controls tumor size and cell number.
- Various therapeutic strategies, including small molecules and gene therapy, aim to induce apoptosis.
- Resistance to apoptosis is a significant challenge in cancer treatment.
Conclusions:
- Apoptosis-inducing agents represent a vital component in cancer treatment strategies.
- Targeting key apoptosis regulatory mechanisms offers emerging opportunities for effective cancer therapy.
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Overview of Cell Death
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
