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Characterizing Salmonella Typhimurium-induced Septic Peritonitis in Mice
Published on: July 29, 2022
Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Typhi as model organisms: revealing paradigm of host-pathogen
Preeti Garai1, Divya Prakash Gnanadhas, Dipshikha Chakravortty
1Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Abstract:
The lifestyle of intracellular pathogens has always questioned the skill of a microbiologist in the context of finding the permanent cure to the diseases caused by them. The best tool utilized by these pathogens is their ability to reside inside the host cell, which enables them to easily bypass the humoral immunity of the host, such as the complement system. They further escape from the intracellular immunity, such as lysosome and inflammasome, mostly by forming a protective vacuole-bound niche derived from the host itself. Some of the most dreadful diseases are caused by these vacuolar pathogens, for example, tuberculosis by Mycobacterium or typhoid fever by Salmonella. To deal with such successful pathogens therapeutically, the knowledge of a host-pathogen interaction system becomes primarily essential, which further depends on the use of a model system. A well characterized pathogen, namely Salmonella, suits the role of a model for this purpose, which can infect a wide array of hosts causing a variety of diseases. This review focuses on various such aspects of research on Salmonella which are useful for studying the pathogenesis of other intracellular pathogens.
Insights
Intracellular pathogens like Salmonella evade host immunity by residing within cells. Studying Salmonella pathogenesis provides insights into treating diseases caused by these resilient microbes.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- Intracellular pathogens pose challenges to disease cure due to their ability to evade host immune responses.
- These pathogens reside within host cells, bypassing humoral immunity (e.g., complement system) and intracellular defenses (e.g., lysosome, inflammasome).
- Many dangerous diseases, including tuberculosis and typhoid fever, are caused by vacuolar pathogens that create protective intracellular niches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review research on Salmonella as a model system for understanding intracellular pathogen interactions.
- To highlight the importance of host-pathogen interaction knowledge for developing therapeutics against intracellular pathogens.
- To explore how Salmonella's characteristics make it suitable for studying the pathogenesis of other vacuolar pathogens.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on intracellular pathogens and host-pathogen interactions.
- Focus on Salmonella as a model organism due to its broad host range and disease-causing potential.
- Analysis of mechanisms employed by Salmonella to survive and replicate within host cells.
Main Results:
- Salmonella effectively utilizes host-derived vacuoles for protection against immune defenses.
- Understanding Salmonella's strategies offers a framework for investigating other intracellular pathogens.
- Research on Salmonella contributes to knowledge of host-pathogen dynamics crucial for therapeutic development.
Conclusions:
- Salmonella serves as a valuable model for studying the pathogenesis of various intracellular pathogens.
- Knowledge gained from Salmonella research can inform strategies to combat diseases caused by similar microbes.
- Effective treatment of intracellular pathogen-induced diseases relies on a deep understanding of host-pathogen interactions.
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