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Related Concept Videos

Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

FANCM limits meiotic crossovers.

Wayne Crismani1, Chloé Girard, Nicole Froger

  • 1Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists identified FANCM helicase as a key factor limiting meiotic crossovers (COs) in Arabidopsis. The fancm mutant showed a threefold increase in COs, revealing a new pathway for CO regulation with potential in plant breeding.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and molecular biology
  • Meiosis and genome stability

Background:

  • Meiotic crossover (CO) frequency is tightly regulated, despite abundant molecular precursors.
  • The specific factors limiting CO numbers remain largely unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key genetic factors that limit meiotic crossover formation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • To understand the role of FANCM helicase in regulating meiotic CO frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify mutants with altered meiotic CO rates.
  • Analyzed CO frequencies in wild-type and fancm mutant plants.

Main Results:

  • Identified the conserved FANCM helicase as a major factor limiting meiotic COs.
  • The fancm mutant exhibited a threefold increase in CO frequency compared to wild-type.
  • Increased COs in the mutant arose from an alternate, typically minor, pathway.

Conclusions:

  • FANCM is a crucial regulator that imposes an upper limit on meiotic COs.
  • FANCM's function in limiting COs offers potential for manipulation in plant breeding strategies.