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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

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Published on: May 3, 2018

Data-driven sequence learning or search: What are the prerequisites for the generation of explicit sequence

Sabine Schwager, Dennis Rünger, Robert Gaschler

Advances in Cognitive Psychology

|June 23, 2012

Summary

Explicit sequence knowledge in incidental learning arises from unexpected events, not just learned representation strength. Sequence detection is more likely after encountering unexpected changes during task processing.

Keywords:

explicit sequence knowledge reportable knowledge sequence detection sequence learning serial reaction time task unexpected events

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Learning Sciences

Background:

Incidental learning can lead to explicit knowledge of sequential regularities.
Two proposed mechanisms for explicit knowledge generation are representation strength and unexpected-event-triggered search.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the roles of representation strength and unexpected events in generating explicit sequence knowledge.
To differentiate between two competing hypotheses of explicit knowledge formation in incidental learning.

Main Methods:

Systematically varied sequence training duration and introduced unexpected events.
Utilized a 6-choice serial reaction time task in an incidental learning setting.

Main Results:

Explicit sequence knowledge generation was not predicted by implicit sequence learning strength.
Sequence detection was higher when participants transitioned to a fixed sequence after training compared to continuous practice.

Conclusions:

Findings support the unexpected-event hypothesis for explicit knowledge generation.
Representation strength may influence explicit knowledge by modulating the impact of performance disruptions.