Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin or DPDPE for...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase, which converts...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Examining Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Craving in Opioid Users, Methadone Patients, and NA Members.

Basic and clinical neuroscience·2026
Same author

Immunometabolism crosstalk between regulatory T cells and glucose homeostasis of type 1 diabetes.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2026
Same author

Personalized immunotherapy in HCC: synthesis, delivery, and clinical progress of mRNA-based vaccines.

Cancer cell international·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Histamine H1 receptor: a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma".

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics·2026
Same author

Dose-Dependent Interaction Between Caffeine and Morphine in Analgesia in the Hot-Plate in Mice.

Addiction & health·2026
Same author

NMDA-receptor blockade changed microRNAs expression and apoptotic gene levels in dorsolateral striatal glioblastoma to reduce tumor growth and reverse behavioral impairments in rats.

Neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
08:32

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

Morphine-induced nitric oxide production in PC12 cells.

Mohammad Reza Zarrindast1, Mehrak Javadi-Paydar, Ladan Delphi

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Archives of Iranian Medicine
|June 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chronic morphine treatment in PC12 cells increases nitric oxide (NO) production through naloxone-sensitive receptors. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) did not affect NO levels, suggesting limited NMDA receptor function in these cells.

More Related Videos

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation
07:13

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
08:32

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation
07:13

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in mediating morphine's effects.
  • The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is implicated in morphine's signaling pathway.
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used to stimulate NO production in cellular models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of morphine and NMDA on LPS-stimulated NO production in PC12 cells.
  • To explore the role of naloxone-sensitive receptors in morphine's effect on NO production.
  • To determine if NMDA influences NO production in this cellular context.

Main Methods:

  • PC12 cells were treated with varying concentrations of morphine and NMDA.
  • Nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were measured using the Griess reaction.
  • Naloxone was used to assess receptor involvement in NO production.

Main Results:

  • Chronic morphine treatment (48-72h) significantly increased LPS-stimulated NO production in PC12 cells.
  • Naloxone (0.1-10µM) significantly decreased NO concentrations, indicating involvement of naloxone-sensitive receptors.
  • NMDA (0.1-10µM) did not alter NO production, but high-dose NMDA inhibited morphine-induced NO production at 48h.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic morphine exposure enhances LPS-stimulated NO production in PC12 cells via naloxone-sensitive pathways.
  • The lack of NMDA's effect on NO production suggests limited functional NMDA receptor expression in PC12 cells.
  • PC12 cells may release endogenous morphine, contributing to observed NO production.