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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells

Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells

Published on: May 24, 2024

T-cell trafficking in the central nervous system.

Federica Sallusto¹, Daniela Impellizzieri, Camilla Basso

¹Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland. federica.sallusto@irb.usi.ch

Immunological Reviews

|June 26, 2012

Summary

T cells migrate to tissues for effector functions or autoimmunity. This review highlights coordinated regulation of T-cell migration and function, focusing on the CCR6/CCL20 pathway

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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: November 17, 2020

Area of Science:

Immunology
Neuroscience
Cell Biology

Background:

T cells migrate to target tissues to perform effector functions against pathogens or cause autoimmunity.
Tissue-specific autoimmunity requires pathogenic T cells to infiltrate target organs.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the coordinated regulation of T-cell effector function and migratory capacity across different T-cell subsets.
To describe the mechanisms by which pathogenic T cells enter the central nervous system (CNS).
To elaborate on the role of the CCR6/CCL20 axis in CNS immune surveillance and autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

Review of existing laboratory data from multiple research groups.
Analysis of T-cell subset regulation and migratory behavior.
Examination of pathogenic T-cell entry into the CNS.

Main Results:

Effector function and migratory capacity are coordinately regulated in distinct T-cell subsets.
Pathogenic T cells can infiltrate intact or inflamed CNS tissue.
The CCR6/CCL20 axis plays a crucial role in T-cell migration through the choroid plexus.

Conclusions:

Coordinated regulation of T-cell function and migration is essential for both protective immunity and autoimmunity.
The CCR6/CCL20 pathway is a key factor in CNS immune surveillance and the development of autoimmune diseases like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis.