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Integrated analysis of microRNA expression and mRNA transcriptome in lungs of avian influenza virus infected broilers

Ying Wang1, Vinayak Brahmakshatriya, Blanca Lupiani

  • 1Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

BMC Genomics
|June 26, 2012
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Genetic background influences avian influenza virus (AIV) response in chickens. Broiler chickens show different microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns compared to layers, highlighting distinct regulatory mechanisms against AIV infection.

Area of Science:

  • * Comparative genomics and molecular biology
  • * Avian virology and immunology

Background:

  • * Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant threat to poultry and human health globally.
  • * Previous research indicated microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in host responses to AIV in layer chickens.
  • * The role of genetic background in miRNA-mediated AIV response in chickens remains to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the influence of genetic background on miRNA regulation during AIV infection in chickens.
  • * To compare miRNA expression patterns in broiler chickens with AIV infection against those in layer chickens.
  • * To identify potential molecular mechanisms of host response to AIV by integrating miRNA and mRNA expression profiling.

Main Methods:

  • * Deep sequencing of miRNAs and microarray analysis of mRNAs from lung tissues of non-infected and AIV-infected broiler chickens.
  • * Isolation of total RNA and subsequent high-throughput sequencing and gene expression profiling.
  • * Bioinformatic analysis to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs.

Main Results:

  • * Deep sequencing identified 271 known and 1 novel miRNA, with 121 differentially expressed in AIV-infected broiler lungs.
  • * AIV infection led to higher expression of most miRNAs in broiler lungs, contrasting with findings in layer chickens.
  • * Microarray analysis revealed 508 differentially expressed mRNAs, with 347 down-regulated, following AIV infection.

Conclusions:

  • * Specific miRNAs (gga-miR-34a, 146a, 155, etc.) and genes (MX1, IL-8, IRF-7, etc.) are identified as key regulators of AIV host response in broiler lungs.
  • * The distinct miRNA expression patterns suggest a different regulatory mechanism in broilers compared to layers.
  • * Further functional studies, such as miRNA or gene knock-down assays, are necessary to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

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