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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits
10:25

Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits

Published on: March 27, 2021

Central apnea at complex partial seizure onset.

Mangala A Nadkarni1, Daniel Friedman, Orrin Devinsky

  • 1Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Barnabas Health Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, United States. mnadkarni@barnabashealth.org

Seizure
|June 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major risk in treatment-resistant epilepsy, often occurring during sleep. This case highlights nocturnal seizures causing central apnea and oxygen desaturation, emphasizing the need for respiratory monitoring.

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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
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Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits
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Published on: March 27, 2021

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of mortality in individuals with treatment-resistant epilepsy.
  • SUDEP events frequently occur during or after nocturnal seizures, which may go unrecognized.
  • Peri-ictal respiratory depression, including ictal and postictal apnea, is a key suspected mechanism in SUDEP.

Observation:

  • A 37-year-old male patient presented with central apnea as the initial symptom of partial complex seizures.
  • The apnea was associated with significant oxygen desaturation during sleep.
  • Respiratory monitoring during a combined video electroencephalogram (EEG) and sleep study identified this critical event.

Findings:

  • Nocturnal partial complex seizures can manifest initially with central apnea.
  • Apnea and subsequent oxygen desaturation are significant pathophysiological consequences of nocturnal seizures.
  • Respiratory monitoring is crucial for identifying these potentially life-threatening events.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of assessing respiratory function during and after nocturnal seizures.
  • Routine respiratory monitoring in epilepsy patients, particularly those with treatment-resistant epilepsy, may aid in SUDEP risk stratification.
  • Early identification of peri-ictal respiratory events can inform diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to mitigate SUDEP risk.