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Related Concept Videos

Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

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The Phragmoplast01:59

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Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Extraction and Quantification of Soluble, Radiolabeled Inositol Polyphosphates from Different Plant Species using SAX-HPLC
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Extraction and Quantification of Soluble, Radiolabeled Inositol Polyphosphates from Different Plant Species using SAX-HPLC

Published on: June 26, 2020

Type 2C protein phosphatases in plants.

Stefan Fuchs1, Erwin Grill, Irute Meskiene

  • 1Department of Botany, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.

The FEBS Journal
|June 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are crucial Mg(2+)-/Mn(2+)-dependent enzymes in plant stress signaling. This review details their evolution, function, and regulation, including roles in abscisic acid pathways and mitogen-activated protein kinase interactions.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Extraction and Quantification of Soluble, Radiolabeled Inositol Polyphosphates from Different Plant Species using SAX-HPLC
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Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
10:07

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular enzymology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are Mg(2+)-/Mn(2+)-dependent enzymes conserved across species.
  • PP2Cs play a critical role in various cellular processes, particularly in plant stress signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution, function, and regulation of plant PP2Cs.
  • To highlight the distinct roles of PP2C subclasses in plant signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on evolutionary, functional, and regulatory aspects of plant PP2Cs.
  • Analysis of recent structural data on abscisic acid receptors.

Main Results:

  • Plant PP2Cs exhibit diverse functions, with some regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
  • Other PP2C subfamilies act as co-receptors for the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA).
  • Structural studies reveal ABA-dependent regulation and substrate specificity in ABA receptors.

Conclusions:

  • Plant PP2Cs are key regulators of stress responses and hormone signaling.
  • Understanding PP2C structure-function relationships is vital for elucidating plant adaptation mechanisms.