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Related Concept Videos

Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
09:35

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Published on: April 20, 2021

Does DNA repair occur during somatic hypermutation?

Huseyin Saribasak1, Patricia J Gearhart

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.

Seminars in Immunology
|June 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) drives DNA damage for antibody diversity. While base excision repair aids mutagenesis, mismatch repair is largely absent during this process.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is crucial for initiating DNA damage in immunoglobulin loci.
  • This damage includes abasic sites, single-strand breaks, and mismatches, essential for antibody diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of DNA repair pathways and mutagenesis in somatic hypermutation.
  • To analyze how base excision repair, mismatch repair, and low-fidelity polymerases contribute to antibody diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on DNA repair mechanisms and mutagenesis.
  • Analysis of the interplay between AID, repair proteins, and polymerases in immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.

Main Results:

  • Proteins from base excision repair and mismatch repair pathways are utilized to enhance mutagenesis.
  • Faithful base excision repair occurs concurrently with mutagenesis during somatic hypermutation.

Conclusions:

  • Somatic hypermutation involves a coordinated effort between DNA repair proteins and low-fidelity polymerases.
  • Faithful mismatch repair is largely suppressed, while base excision repair actively participates in generating antibody diversity.