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Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

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Microparticles and acute lung injury.

Mark McVey¹, Arata Tabuchi, Wolfgang M Kuebler

¹The Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology

|June 26, 2012

Summary

Microparticles (MPs) are vesicles released during acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Understanding their dual role in inflammation and coagulation may lead to new therapeutic strategies for lung injury.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involve increased vascular permeability, inflammation, and coagulation.
Microparticles (MPs), vesicles from various cells, are found in ALI/ARDS patients and animal models.
MPs contain proteins, lipids, and RNA, reflecting their cell of origin.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the formation and functional roles of MPs in inflammatory diseases, focusing on ALI/ARDS.
To explore the potential of MPs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in ALI/ARDS.
To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting MPs in ALI/ARDS.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on MPs in ALI/ARDS.
Analysis of MP formation from diverse cell types (platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, RBCs, endothelial, epithelial cells).
Examination of MP interactions with other cells and their impact on disease processes.

Main Results:

MPs are present in both vascular and alveolar compartments in ALI/ARDS.
MPs originate from various blood and parenchymal cells, contributing to ALI/ARDS pathophysiology.
MPs exhibit heterogeneous origins and functions, potentially exerting both harmful and beneficial effects.

Conclusions:

MPs play a complex role in ALI/ARDS, influencing coagulation, inflammation, and permeability.
Targeting specific MPs could offer novel therapeutic approaches for ALI/ARDS.
Further understanding of MP biology is crucial for developing effective treatments.