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Sickle cell Nephropathy in children seen in an African Hospital - Case Report

O T Adedoyin1, O O Adesiyun, O A Adegboye

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1459, Ilorin, Nigeria. ooadedoyin@yahoo.com

The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
|June 26, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Children with sickle cell disease frequently develop kidney problems, including nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal disease. Early screening for renal complications is crucial from age nine to prevent chronic kidney disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder with various complications.
  • Renal manifestations in children with SCD are significant but often underdiagnosed.
  • Early identification of kidney issues in SCD is vital for timely intervention.

Observation:

  • A 14-year study (1995-2009) at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital analyzed five pediatric cases of SCD with overt renal presentations.
  • Patients ranged from 9-15 years old, with a mean age of 11.
  • Four females and one male were identified with renal issues.

Findings:

  • Three out of four female patients presented with nephrotic syndrome (NS).
  • One female experienced gross hematuria, and the male patient had enuresis.
  • One case of NS progressed to end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy.

Implications:

  • Routine renal screening in children with SCD is recommended starting in late childhood.
  • Early detection of renal disorders can prevent the progression to chronic kidney disease.
  • Further research is needed to confirm a potential female predilection for severe SCD renal complications like NS.
Abstract

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