Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 21, 2026

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
Published on: March 1, 2018
Determination of atenolol in human plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection: validation and application in a
Marios Spanakis1, Ioannis Niopas
1Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Abstract:
Atenolol is a cardioselective β1-adrenergic blocker widely used for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. A simple, specific, sensitive, precise and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated for the determination of atenolol in human plasma. After addition of the internal standard, the analytes were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. The calibration graph for atenolol was linear in a 10-1,000 ng/mL concentration range (r > 0.999), using 0.5-mL plasma samples. The assay precision of the method was less than 6.4%, the assay accuracy ranged between 99.6% and 101.6%, and the absolute recovery of atenolol and internal standard was better than 66.1% and 76.2%, respectively. The method was found to be suitable for the quantification of atenolol in a pharmacokinetic study after a single oral administration of 100 mg atenolol to 18 healthy subjects.
Related Concept Videos
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods
Protein-Drug Binding: Determination Methods
Indirect methods involve isolating the bound drug from its free form in biological samples such as blood, serum, or plasma. These techniques aim to measure the percentage of drugs bound to proteins. Equilibrium dialysis is a commonly used method where the free drug concentration at equilibrium is measured by separating the bound...
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods
