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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Glycomics-Guided Glycoproteomics Facilitates Comprehensive Profiling of the Glycoproteome in Complex Tumor Microenvironments
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Glycoscience aids in biomarker discovery.

Serenus Hua1, Hyun Joo An

  • 1Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.

BMB Reports
|June 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Glycomics and glycoproteomics offer new disease biomarker discovery avenues. Advanced mass spectrometry methods enhance the analysis of complex carbohydrates (glycans) for understanding disease biology.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The glycome, comprising all biological glycans (carbohydrates), regulates critical functions like protein folding and cell communication.
  • Discovering disease biomarkers within the glycome is a promising but challenging area due to glycan complexity and diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in analytical technologies and methodologies for glycomics and glycoproteomics.
  • To highlight the application of these advancements in biomarker discovery for various diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing mass spectrometric strategies for glycan compositional profiling.
  • Describing refinements for structure-specific glycan profiling.
  • Discussing analytical methods for site-specific protein glycosylation analysis.

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Main Results:

  • Recent developments provide enhanced capabilities for analyzing glycan composition and structure.
  • Methods now allow for the detailed analysis of protein glycosylation at specific modification sites.
  • These analytical improvements facilitate biomarker discovery across different levels of glycan analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Glycoscience plays a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of disease biology.
  • Improved analytical techniques in glycomics and glycoproteomics are crucial for effective biomarker discovery.
  • The complexity of the glycome presents opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.