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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...

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Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

Analytical techniques for assaying nitric oxide bioactivity.

Hong Jiang1, Deepa Parthasarathy, Ashley C Torregrossa

  • 1Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|June 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate measurement of nitric oxide (NO) and its metabolites in multiple biological compartments is crucial for understanding its role in health and disease. This study presents methods for sensitive detection of NO and its products in various biological samples.

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Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method
08:25

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

Published on: December 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Physiological Chemistry
  • Biomedical Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a vital signaling molecule regulating blood pressure, immune response, and neural communication.
  • NO has a very short half-life in vivo, necessitating the study of its metabolites for accurate assessment.
  • Understanding NO's diverse roles requires simultaneous analysis across multiple biological compartments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate methods for sensitive and selective detection of NO and its metabolites in biological samples.
  • To enable simultaneous quantification of NO-related products in various compartments for a comprehensive understanding of NO bioavailability and metabolism.
  • To bridge the gap between basic research and clinical applications by providing reliable NO biomarker detection.

Main Methods:

  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for sensitive analysis of nitrite and nitrate.
  • In vitro ozone-based chemiluminescence with chemical derivatization for free NO detection.
  • Ex vivo organ bath myography to assess physiological responses related to NO.

Main Results:

  • The study presents a method for rapid and sensitive quantification of nitrite and nitrate.
  • The developed techniques allow for the detection of free NO in biological samples.
  • The methods facilitate the determination of the molecular source of NO and its physiological effects.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate assessment of NO's physiological roles requires simultaneous analysis of NO and its metabolites across multiple biological compartments.
  • The presented analytical methods provide sensitive and selective tools for NO research.
  • These advancements are critical for elucidating NO's complex biochemistry and its implications in health and disease.