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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
10:16

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

Published on: September 15, 2016

Autoimmunity in 2011.

Carlo Selmi1

  • 1Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. carlo.selmi@unimi.it

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|June 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent research highlights complex autoimmune disease mechanisms, emphasizing environmental and epigenetic factors beyond genetics. New insights into T regulatory and Th17 cells offer potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune conditions.

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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

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Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
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Published on: September 15, 2016

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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and autoimmunity research.
  • Focus on systemic and tissue-specific autoimmune diseases.

Background:

  • Autoimmune disease mechanisms are complex, with numerous evolving hypotheses.
  • A 3% increase in publications in 2011 indicates growing research interest.
  • Clinical research increasingly defines refractory disease forms and monoclonal antibody use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent data and identify common and future themes in autoimmunity research.
  • To explore the interplay of genetics, environment, and epigenetics in disease susceptibility.
  • To dissect mechanisms of tolerance breakdown and identify therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published data from major immunology and autoimmunity journals in 2011.
  • Analysis of research trends in clinical practice, genomics, and pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Identification of common themes and future directions in autoimmune disease research.

Main Results:

  • Genomics alone cannot explain individual susceptibility; environmental and epigenetic factors are crucial.
  • Research investigated these factors in both organ-specific (e.g., type 1 diabetes) and systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus) diseases.
  • Significant advancements were made in understanding T regulatory and Th17 cells.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding autoimmune diseases requires integrating genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors.
  • Further research into T regulatory and Th17 cells holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Continued investigation into tolerance breakdown mechanisms is essential for developing effective treatments.