Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Targeted long-read sequencing enables comprehensive analysis of the genetic and epigenetic landscape of inherited myopathies.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Strategic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Australia-Systems Genomics Consortium (SALSA-SGC): cohort profile.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Comparative effectiveness of ocrelizumab in subgroups of patients with multiple sclerosis: a multi-registry observational cohort study.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same author

Multimodal ultra-high-field MRI, clinical, cognitive, and genetic profiles across the ALS-FTD spectrum.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Large-scale exome analyses reveal new rare variant contributions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

White matter changes in reward circuits of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a fixel-based study of appetite loss.

BMC medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Female reproductive issues in multiple sclerosis.

Pamela A McCombe1, Judith M Greer

  • 1The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia. Pamela.McCombe@uq.edu.au

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|June 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy offers short-term and long-term protection against multiple sclerosis (MS) by modulating the immune system and potentially through epigenetic changes. Obstetric outcomes for women with MS are generally similar to the general population.

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) disproportionately affects women of reproductive age.
  • Reproductive health and pregnancy are significant concerns for women with MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on pregnancy and reproductive issues in women with MS.
  • To evaluate the impact of pregnancy on the course of MS and obstetric outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search for studies on pregnancy and MS.
  • Analysis of data on short-term and long-term effects of pregnancy on MS.
  • Review of obstetric outcomes and fetal abnormalities in babies born to mothers with MS.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy demonstrates short-term protective effects on MS, possibly via immune modulation and brain changes.
  • Long-term benefits of pregnancy on MS may involve epigenetic modifications or fetal microchimerism.
  • Obstetric outcomes and fetal abnormalities in babies exposed to first-line MS therapies are not significantly different from the general population.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy appears to be biologically beneficial for multiple sclerosis, warranting further investigation for therapeutic potential.
  • Breastfeeding and oral contraceptive use do not show clear protective or detrimental effects on MS.
  • Post-menopausal MS progression is difficult to distinguish from aging and natural disease course.