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Updated: May 21, 2026

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
Published on: November 18, 2018
Williams syndrome and obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous return: a previously unreported association
Han Ki Park1, Jeffrey S Heinle, David L S Morales
1Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Abstract:
We report a case of a neonate who presented with obstructed mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) and Williams syndrome. After initial repair of TAPVR, his aortic wall continued to thicken, resulting in aortic arch hypoplasia and near atresia of the entire course of the left main coronary artery requiring a novel type of repair at 5 months of age. Cardiovascular abnormalities are frequently associated with Williams syndrome. This is a report of a rare patient with both Williams syndrome and obstructed TAPVR.
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