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Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...

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Escorting Ras.

Ze-Yi Zheng1, Lizhong Xu, Dafna Bar-Sagi

  • 1Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Small Gtpases
|June 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ras protein signaling is complex. New research shows CHMP6 and VPS4A proteins control Ras recycling, enhancing growth factor signals and impacting cell transformation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular signaling
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Ras proteins mediate growth factor signaling at the plasma membrane.
  • Ras protein duration on the plasma membrane modulates signaling intensity.
  • K-63 ubiquitylation of Ras proteins leads to endosomal internalization for signal attenuation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of newly identified Ras effectors, CHMP6 and VPS4A, in Ras signaling.
  • To understand how these effectors influence the fate of endosomal Ras proteins.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms controlling Ras pathway feedback loops.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of CHMP6 and VPS4A as Ras effectors.
  • Analysis of the ESCRT-III complex involvement in Ras protein trafficking.
  • Investigating the impact of CHMP6 and VPS4A on Ras-induced cell transformation.

Main Results:

  • CHMP6 and VPS4A are components of the ESCRT-III complex.
  • These proteins are required for efficient Ras-induced transformation.
  • They control the recycling of Ras pathway components to the plasma membrane, creating a positive-feedback loop.

Conclusions:

  • Endosomal Ras protein fate is complex, involving storage, degradation, or recycling.
  • CHMP6 and VPS4A enhance growth factor signaling by promoting Ras recycling.
  • Further research is needed to determine the factors governing endosomal Ras protein fate.