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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
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Updated: May 21, 2026

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
06:21

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 25, 2019

Somitogenesis.

Miguel Maroto1, Robert A Bone1, J Kim Dale1

  • 1Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|June 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vertebrate segmentation, essential for body structure, is driven by somitogenesis. This process involves key molecular and cellular events across species, with some aspects still requiring further research and modeling.

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Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
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Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Comparative embryology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • The segmented body plan is a fundamental characteristic of all vertebrate species.
  • Segmentation provides both structural rigidity and functional flexibility to the vertebrate body.
  • Somitogenesis is the crucial developmental process initiating vertebrate segmentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To offer a comprehensive, cross-species overview of somitogenesis.
  • To detail the critical molecular and cellular events in each stage of segmentation.
  • To identify areas of somitogenesis with strong experimental support versus those relying on models.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-species comparative analysis of somitogenesis.
  • Review of key molecular pathways regulating segmentation.
  • Examination of cellular dynamics during somite formation.

Main Results:

  • Identified conserved and divergent molecular mechanisms of somitogenesis across vertebrates.
  • Detailed the spatiotemporal regulation of segmentation clock and wavefront progression.
  • Highlighted species-specific adaptations in somitogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Somitogenesis is a highly conserved yet adaptable process fundamental to vertebrate development.
  • Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of segmentation is crucial for developmental biology.
  • Further research is needed to refine models and experimental validation for certain aspects of somitogenesis.