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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) transmission via blood transfusion is a significant public health concern.
  • Current risk assessments rely on infectious titers measured in animal models using intracerebral inoculation.
  • The biological relevance of these models for assessing transfusion-transmitted vCJD risk is uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficiency of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) transmission via blood transfusion versus intracerebral inoculation.
  • To evaluate the infectivity of blood components, specifically White Blood Cells (WBCs), in disease transmission.
  • To assess the impact of cell viability on TSE transmission through blood transfusion.

Main Methods:

  • Sheep were transfused with blood or blood components from infected donors.
  • Transgenic mice (tg338) overexpressing ovine PrP were inoculated intracerebrally (IC) with blood components.
  • Infectivity titers were compared between transfusion in sheep and IC inoculation in mice.

Main Results:

  • Transfusion of whole blood from asymptomatic infected sheep transmitted prion disease with 100% efficiency.
  • Intracerebral inoculation of the same blood samples into tg338 mice showed significantly lower infectious titers.
  • White Blood Cells (WBCs) were highly infectious via transfusion, with fixed WBCs retaining infectivity in mice but showing reduced transmission in sheep.

Conclusions:

  • Blood transfusion is a highly efficient route for TSE transmission.
  • The viability of transfused cells, particularly WBCs, is critical for disease transmission.
  • Current methods relying on intracerebral inoculation may underestimate the transfusion-related risk of vCJD.