Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 21, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
Published on: December 30, 2016
Functional crosstalk between dendritic cells and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in the maintenance of immune tolerance
Mara Kornete1, Ciriaco A Piccirillo
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Abstract:
Peripheral immune tolerance requires a controlled balance between the maintenance of self-tolerance and the capacity to engage protective immune responses against pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs) serve as sentinels of the immune system by sensing environmental and inflammatory signals, and play an essential role in the maintenance of immune tolerance. To achieve this, DC play a key role in dictating the outcome of immune responses by influencing the balance between inflammatory or Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cell responses. At the heart of this immunological balance is a finely regulated DC and T(reg) cell crosstalk whereby T(reg) cells modulate DC phenotype and function, and DC drive the differentiation of Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells in order to control immune responses. This review will focus on recent advances, which highlight the importance of this bidirectional DC and T(reg) cell crosstalk during the induction of tolerance and organ-specific autoimmunity. More specifically, we will discuss how T(reg) cells modulate DC function for the suppression of inflammatory responses and how DC subsets employ diverse mechanisms to drive differentiation of T(reg) cells. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of tolerogenic DCs for the induction of tolerance in autoimmune diseases.
Related Concept Videos
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

