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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
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Contrast Sensitivity versus Visual Evoked Potentials in Multiple Sclerosis.

Javad Heravian Shandiz1, Abbas Nourian, Mercedeh Bahr Hossaini

  • 1Department of Optometry, Paramedical Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research
|June 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The Cambridge contrast sensitivity (CS) test and visual evoked potentials (VEP) can detect visual impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Combining CS and VEP tests is most effective for identifying visual dysfunction in MS.

Keywords:
Contrast SensitivityMultiple SclerosisVisual Evoked Potential

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) frequently causes visual impairment.
  • Early detection of visual dysfunction is crucial for managing MS.
  • Subclinical visual changes can precede overt symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of the Cambridge contrast sensitivity (CS) test and visual evoked potentials (VEP) in detecting visual impairment.
  • To evaluate these tests in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with clinically definite MS.
  • To assess visual dysfunction across different age groups (10-29 and 30-49 years).

Main Methods:

  • Study included 50 MS patients (100 eyes) and 25 healthy controls (50 eyes).
  • Contrast sensitivity was measured using the Cambridge Low Contrast Grating test.
  • Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded for all participants.
  • Data analyzed in two age strata: 10-29 years and 30-49 years.

Main Results:

  • In the 10-29 age group, 52% of eyes showed abnormal CS and 52% abnormal VEP, with only 28% symptomatic.
  • In the 30-49 age group, 12% of eyes showed abnormal CS and 58% abnormal VEP, with only 25% symptomatic.
  • Neither test alone identified all affected eyes, highlighting the need for combined assessment.

Conclusions:

  • The Cambridge Low Contrast Grating test is valuable for detecting clinical and subclinical visual dysfunction in young MS patients.
  • A combination of CS and VEP tests is necessary to detect the majority of visual dysfunctions associated with MS.
  • These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive visual assessment in MS management.