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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which indirectly block calcium...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

Update in atrial fibrillation.

Hilton Franqui-Rivera1, Juan C Sotomonte

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico. hilton-franqui@gmail.com

Boletin De La Asociacion Medica De Puerto Rico
|June 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm disorder. This review summarizes recent advances in AF therapies, including new pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for symptom and event management.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia linked to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Atrial enlargement, remodeling, and fibrosis are critical factors in AF initiation and perpetuation.
  • Current AF therapy focuses on rate/rhythm control and preventing thromboembolic events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent therapeutic advancements for atrial fibrillation.
  • To highlight emerging pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options.
  • To provide a concise overview of the latest strategies in AF management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on AF therapies.
  • Synthesis of information on pharmacological interventions.

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Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology

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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Published on: February 26, 2013

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
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The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

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  • Analysis of non-pharmacological approaches and their efficacy.
  • Main Results:

    • Multiple new pharmacological agents have shown promise in AF management.
    • Advancements in non-pharmacological therapies offer alternative treatment strategies.
    • Recent research provides novel insights into AF pathophysiology and treatment targets.

    Conclusions:

    • The therapeutic landscape for atrial fibrillation is rapidly evolving.
    • Emerging treatments offer improved options for symptom control and event prevention.
    • Continued research is vital for optimizing AF patient care.