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Updated: May 21, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

How clinical decisions are made.

Louise Bate¹, Andrew Hutchinson, Jonathan Underhill

¹National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Medicines and Prescribing Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom. louise.bate@nice.org.uk

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

|June 29, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Clinical decisions often fall short of best evidence due to cognitive shortcuts like System 1 processing. Understanding decision-making processes and biases can improve evidence-based practice.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Clinical Decision Making
Evidence-Based Practice

Background:

Gaps between clinical evidence and practice stem from individual decision-making processes.
Bounded rationality and satisficing limit information processing during complex decisions.
Cognitive biases can unconsciously influence clinical judgment.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying clinical decision-making.
To identify how System 1 and System 2 processing impact evidence implementation.
To understand the role of cognitive biases in the evidence-practice gap.

Main Methods:

Analysis of decision-making models, including System 1 (intuitive) and System 2 (analytical) processing.
Examination of cognitive biases affecting information selection and judgment.
Review of interventions aimed at optimizing clinical decision-making processes.

Main Results:

System 1 processing, while efficient, can lead to reliance on established patterns over current evidence.
Lack of System 2 activation prevents critical evaluation against high-quality research.
Cognitive biases contribute to suboptimal decisions and hinder evidence-based practice.

Conclusions:

Improving clinical decision-making requires awareness of cognitive processes and biases.
Interventions promoting balanced System 1 and System 2 use enhance evidence implementation.
Understanding decision errors can minimize mistakes and improve patient care outcomes.