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Updated: May 21, 2026

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
Published on: February 17, 2019
Exploring water and other liquids at negative pressure
Frédéric Caupin1, Arnaud Arvengas, Kristina Davitt
1Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France.
This study reviews the properties of stretched liquid water under negative pressure, exploring its metastable region and cavitation behavior. Research highlights a discrepancy between experimental and theoretical cavitation thresholds, prompting further investigation into water
Area of Science:
- Physical Chemistry
- Thermodynamics
- Fluid Dynamics
Background:
- Water exhibits unique anomalies, particularly in the supercooled metastable region.
- The metastable region of stretched liquid water under negative pressure is less explored.
- Characterizing metastable liquid properties before cavitation is experimentally challenging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize research on the properties of stretched liquid water.
- To investigate the cavitation threshold in stretched water and compare it with theoretical predictions.
- To assess the specificity of water's cavitation behavior by examining other liquids.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing experimental and theoretical studies on stretched water.
- Analysis of recent measurements of the equation of state for water down to -26 MPa.
- Examination of various experimental methods used to study cavitation thresholds.
Main Results:
- Recent experiments provide detailed information on water's equation of state at low densities.
- Studies have investigated the cavitation threshold in stretched water using multiple techniques.
- A significant discrepancy persists between experimental observations and theoretical models of cavitation.
Conclusions:
- The behavior of stretched water, particularly its cavitation threshold, presents a puzzling discrepancy.
- Further research is needed to understand the fundamental mechanisms governing cavitation in water.
- Comparative studies with other liquids are crucial to determine if this behavior is unique to water.
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