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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

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Published on: October 31, 2019

Confined cubic blue phases under shear.

O Henrich1, K Stratford, D Marenduzzo

  • 1Centre for Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|June 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Lattice Boltzmann simulations reveal distinct behaviors of confined cubic blue phases under shear. Blue phase II exhibits oscillatory stress, while blue phase I shows chaotic defect rearrangements.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Cubic blue phases are liquid crystal phases with unique 3D network structures.
  • Understanding their response to external stimuli like shear flow is crucial for potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of confined blue phase I and blue phase II under shear flow.
  • To elucidate the distinct responses of their disclination networks to applied stress.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing lattice Boltzmann simulations to model confined cubic blue phases.
  • Analyzing the dynamics of the disclination networks under shear flow conditions.

Main Results:

  • Blue phase II displays continuous breaking and reforming of its disclination network, causing oscillatory stress responses.
  • These oscillations in blue phase II are regular only in thin samples; thicker samples show stick-slip motion.
  • Blue phase I's defect network undergoes chaotic rearrangements regardless of sample thickness.

Conclusions:

  • The rheological behavior of blue phase I and blue phase II under shear is fundamentally different.
  • Sample thickness significantly influences the shear response of blue phase II, but not blue phase I.