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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Imprinting

Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development
09:22

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

Published on: February 9, 2015

Embryo manipulation and imprinting.

Dennis E Marchesi1, Jie Qiao, Huai L Feng

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Shore University Hospital - LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA.

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
|June 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), may increase risks for epigenetic modifications in offspring. This review assesses ART procedures to understand potential safety concerns for children conceived via IVF.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are increasingly used globally.
  • ART procedures, particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF), involve unique manipulations of gametes and embryos.
  • While rare, epigenetic modifications and imprinting diseases show an elevated incidence in children conceived via ART compared to the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess the potential risks associated with major cellular manipulations in standard IVF cycles.
  • To compare potential risks with reported risks of ART procedures on offspring health.
  • To discuss the safety of ongoing improvements in oocyte and embryo handling within IVF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on ART procedures and their impact on epigenetics.
  • Analysis of common IVF techniques, including preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ooplasmic transfer, embryo culture, in vitro maturation, and cryopreservation.
  • Evaluation of the risks versus reported outcomes for offspring health.

Main Results:

  • ART and IVF procedures have been linked to an increased incidence of rare epigenetic modifications and imprinting diseases in offspring.
  • Specific IVF manipulations, such as oocyte and embryo handling, present opportunities for cellular processes to deviate from normal development.
  • While the overall incidence remains low, the frequency of these conditions is higher in IVF-conceived children.

Conclusions:

  • ART procedures, especially IVF, carry a potential risk of epigenetic alterations in offspring.
  • Careful assessment of IVF techniques is crucial to ensure the safety of assisted reproduction.
  • Continued research and refinement of ART methods are necessary to mitigate risks and improve outcomes for children.