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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular artery,...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the knee,...

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Sample Preparation for Computed Tomography-based Three-dimensional Visualization of Murine Hind-limb Vessels
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Anatomic variations in femoral head circulation.

Morteza Kalhor1, Kevin Horowitz, Jaber Gharehdaghi

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Firouzgar Medical Centre, Tehran, Iran.

Hip International : the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Research on Hip Pathology and Therapy
|June 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Protecting the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) and inferior gluteal artery (IGA) is crucial for preventing hip avascular necrosis (AVN). Surgical techniques, especially capsulotomy location, significantly impact femoral head blood supply and AVN risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Iatrogenic avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head remains a significant complication in hip surgeries.
  • Understanding the intricate vascular supply to the femoral head is essential for surgical planning and risk mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely delineate the arterial blood supply to the femoral head in human cadavers.
  • To identify key vessels whose preservation is critical for preventing iatrogenic AVN.

Main Methods:

  • A cadaveric study involving 35 hips from 28 fresh cadavers.
  • Injection of colored silicone to visualize vasculature, followed by anterior and posterior dissection.
  • Assessment of the contribution of various arteries to femoral head vascularity.

Main Results:

  • The medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) was the primary blood supply in most specimens (29/35).
  • The inferior gluteal artery (IGA) served as the main supply in 6 specimens.
  • Superior retinacular vessels were dominant, with consistent presence of inferior retinacular arteries; the foveal artery showed minimal contribution.

Conclusions:

  • Branches of the IGA and MFCA between the quadratus femoris and piriformis muscles are vital and must be protected during surgery.
  • Distal capsulotomy poses a higher AVN risk than proximal capsulotomy due to the course of intracapsular vessels.