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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform
09:04

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform

Published on: January 30, 2017

First steps: bovine genomics in historical perspective.

James E Womack1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA.

Animal Genetics
|June 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Morris Soller pioneered bovine genomics, driving early gene mapping efforts. This review details historical mapping techniques and their role in assembling the bovine genome by 2009.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Animal Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The field of bovine genomics was significantly advanced by the vision of Morris Soller.
  • Early research focused on developing gene mapping strategies for cattle.

Observation:

  • This study reviews the historical development of bovine gene mapping techniques.
  • It covers parasexual, linkage, and physical mapping methodologies.
  • The focus is on how these maps aided gene and sequence assignment to cattle chromosomes.

Findings:

  • Gene mapping efforts progressed through various stages, culminating in the bovine genome sequence and assembly in 2009.
  • Historical mapping techniques provided foundational data for understanding cattle chromosome organization.
  • These maps were crucial for precisely locating and orienting genes and DNA sequences.

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Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

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Generation of a Bovine Primary Enteroid-Derived Two-Dimensional Monolayer Culture System for Applications in Translational Biomedical Research
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Generation of a Bovine Primary Enteroid-Derived Two-Dimensional Monolayer Culture System for Applications in Translational Biomedical Research

Published on: April 5, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform
09:04

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform

Published on: January 30, 2017

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
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Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

Generation of a Bovine Primary Enteroid-Derived Two-Dimensional Monolayer Culture System for Applications in Translational Biomedical Research
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Generation of a Bovine Primary Enteroid-Derived Two-Dimensional Monolayer Culture System for Applications in Translational Biomedical Research

Published on: April 5, 2024

Implications:

  • Understanding the historical progression of bovine genomics is essential for future research.
  • The development of gene maps has been critical for advancements in cattle breeding and genetics.
  • This historical perspective highlights the cumulative nature of scientific discovery in genomics.