[Chronic myeloid leukemia: "archetype" of the impact of targeted therapies]

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a chronic blood disorder characterized by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, leading to the creation of a chimeric gene encoding the BCR-ABL fusion protein with a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Although long known as a disease with an inexorable progression to acute leukemia, CML history has been significantly improved by the use of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Imatinib has revolutionized the treatment of CML by transforming it from an invariably fatal disease to a chronic but manageable condition. In fact, the discovery of this class of targeted therapy had an impact not only on the survival of CML patients but also on other scientific and medical fields. This review illustrates the impact of imatinib, the first example of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the treatment of CML, on the treatment of other cancers, the impact on health systems and on the scientific research in general.