Hypersensitivity reactions to proton pump inhibitors

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Immunology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are globally prevalent medications.
• Understanding their adverse effects is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review hypersensitivity reactions associated with PPI use.
• To increase physician awareness of PPI-induced adverse events.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of reported hypersensitivity reactions to PPIs.
• Synthesis of clinical manifestations and diagnostic considerations.

Main Results:

• PPI hypersensitivity reactions encompass a spectrum from mild urticaria to severe conditions like anaphylaxis, DRESS syndrome, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
• Other reported reactions include cytopenias, vasculitis, acute interstitial nephritis, and various dermatitis types.
• Autoimmune phenomena, including cutaneous lupus erythematosus, have also been linked to PPI use.

Conclusions:

• High clinical suspicion is essential for diagnosing PPI-induced hypersensitivity.
• Physicians must be vigilant regarding potential PPI hypersensitivity reactions.
• Judicious and clinically indicated prescription of PPIs is recommended.