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Translational Regulation

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Isolation and Quantification of Axonal mRNAs Using Porous Membrane Inserts and RTddPCR

Isolation and Quantification of Axonal mRNAs Using Porous Membrane Inserts and RTddPCR

Published on: February 6, 2026

Myelin basic protein synthesis is regulated by small non-coding RNA 715.

Nina M Bauer¹, Christina Moos, Jack van Horssen

¹Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

|June 30, 2012

Summary

A novel small non-coding RNA 715 (sncRNA715) inhibits myelin basic protein (MBP) translation in oligodendrocytes. Elevated sncRNA715 levels correlate with demyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Isolation and Quantification of Axonal mRNAs Using Porous Membrane Inserts and RTddPCR

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Published on: February 6, 2026

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

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Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Published on: June 17, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
RNA Biology

Background:

Myelin basic protein (MBP) synthesis is crucial for central nervous system myelin formation.
MBP mRNA is translationally silenced during oligodendrocyte differentiation and transported until localized translation is triggered by neuronal signals.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify regulatory mechanisms controlling MBP translation.
To investigate the role of small non-coding RNAs in MBP synthesis and myelin formation.

Main Methods:

Identification and characterization of sncRNA715.
Localization studies of sncRNA715 within oligodendrocytes.
Association analysis of sncRNA715 with MBP mRNA transport granules.
Quantification of sncRNA715 levels in human multiple sclerosis lesions.

Main Results:

SncRNA715 was identified as an inhibitor of MBP translation.
SncRNA715 localizes to cytoplasmic granular structures and associates with MBP mRNA transport components.
Increased sncRNA715 levels were observed in demyelinated chronic human multiple sclerosis lesions.

Conclusions:

SncRNA715 plays a significant role in regulating MBP translation.
Aberrant sncRNA715 expression may contribute to demyelination in multiple sclerosis by inhibiting MBP synthesis.