Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...

Development of Blood Vessels

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

Teratogenicity

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Observations of the Gas Phase Composition of the 2024 BioLab Industrial Plume in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area.

Environmental science & technology letters·2026

Same author

Fate of isoprene peroxy radical constrains the urban photochemical regime.

Science advances·2026

Same author

An interdisciplinary fetal neonatal neurology collaborative promotes integrative life-course brain health.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

Same author

Preconception health as a target for improved pregnancy outcomes: Where do we go from here?

Pregnancy hypertension·2025

Same author

Characterizing individuals with elevated sweat chloride results in the absence of CFTR variants.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases·2025

Same author

Placental Growth Factor and Female Long-Term Hypertension.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Same journal

Misclassification of study design and methodological concerns regarding "Effect of COVID-19 infection on maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy: A systematic review".

Pregnancy hypertension·2026

Same journal

Letter to the editor: Machine learning model for predicting preeclampsia-related adverse outcomes.

Pregnancy hypertension·2026

Same journal

Leptin levels in mid-pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia.

Pregnancy hypertension·2026

Same journal

Persistent postpartum proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and future chronic kidney disease risk in women with preeclampsia.

Pregnancy hypertension·2026

Same journal

Retraction notice to "Prognostic accuracy of cerebroplacental ratio for adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated with severe pre-eclampsia; a prospective cohort study" [Pregnancy Hypertension 14 (2018) 86-89].

Pregnancy hypertension·2026

Same journal

A trajectory analysis of blood pressure development during pregnancy. An inception cohort study.

Pregnancy hypertension·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

The placenta in preeclampsia.

James M Roberts¹, C Escudero

¹Magee Women Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh, USA.

Pregnancy Hypertension

|June 30, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Preeclampsia pathophysiology is rooted in placental changes. This study compares placental abnormalities in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR), revealing inconsistent differences and highlighting areas needing further research for better understanding.

More Related Videos

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

Published on: August 2, 2017

Trophoblast Cell Recovery from Angiogenesis-Tube Formation Assay for Differentiation Marker Expression Analysis

Trophoblast Cell Recovery from Angiogenesis-Tube Formation Assay for Differentiation Marker Expression Analysis

Published on: November 8, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

Published on: August 2, 2017

Trophoblast Cell Recovery from Angiogenesis-Tube Formation Assay for Differentiation Marker Expression Analysis

Trophoblast Cell Recovery from Angiogenesis-Tube Formation Assay for Differentiation Marker Expression Analysis

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Pathology

Background:

The placenta is the root cause of preeclampsia, with symptoms abating upon its delivery.
Preeclampsia can occur without a fetus, emphasizing the placenta's central role.
Studying placental pathophysiology is crucial for understanding preeclampsia.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine placental pathological and pathophysiological changes in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR).
To compare placental findings in early-onset versus late-onset preeclampsia.
To identify key differences and similarities between preeclampsia and FGR placentation.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of placental pathology in preeclampsia and FGR.
Examination of pathophysiological changes associated with both conditions.
Review of findings related to early and late-onset preeclampsia.

Main Results:

Placental abnormalities in preeclampsia align with predicted reduced perfusion and oxidative stress.
Differences between preeclampsia and FGR placental findings are inconsistent.
Significant differences observed in less-studied placental areas; early vs. late preeclampsia differences require further clarification.

Conclusions:

Placental study offers insights into preeclampsia pathophysiology, though direct comparisons with FGR show inconsistencies.
Further research is needed to clarify qualitative vs. quantitative differences in early-onset vs. late-onset preeclampsia.
Recommendations are provided to guide future studies in resolving discrepancies in placental findings.