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Related Concept Videos

Continuing Care01:25

Continuing Care

Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Framework for continuous palliative sedation therapy in Canada.

Mervyn M Dean1, Victor Cellarius, Blair Henry

  • 1Palliative Care, Western Memorial Regional Hospital, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. merv.d@nf.sympatico.ca

Journal of Palliative Medicine
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new framework for continuous palliative sedation therapy (CPST) in Canada has been developed to standardize ethical and practice guidelines. This consensus-based framework aims to improve the safe, effective, and ethical use of CPST for end-of-life care.

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Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Palliative Care Medicine
  • Medical Ethics
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background:

  • Canada lacks a standardized ethical and practice framework for continuous palliative sedation therapy (CPST).
  • Existing institutional and regional guidelines for CPST in Canada are inconsistent.
  • A national consensus on CPST is needed, prompting the formation of a special task force by the Canadian Society for Palliative Care Physicians (CSPCP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the lack of a definitive clinical practice guideline for CPST due to emerging consensus but remaining contention and limited scientific evidence.
  • To create a consensus-based framework to guide policy, practice, and research in CPST.
  • To establish a foundation for the safe, effective, and ethical application of CPST.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a thorough literature review, including gray literature, on end-of-life sedation therapy.
  • Identified key issues and prepared a draft framework.
  • Engaged in expert consultation and revision with 30 multidisciplinary experts nationally and internationally.
  • Presented findings at conferences and conducted further revisions.
  • Achieved national consensus building for the framework.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive literature review informed the initial draft framework.
  • The draft framework underwent multiple revisions based on feedback from 30 multidisciplinary experts.
  • The revised framework was submitted to CSPCP members, achieving high consensus on most aspects.
  • The process involved extensive expert consultation and national consensus building.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides a basis for safe, effective, and ethical CPST.
  • It addresses the need for standardization in Canadian palliative care practice.
  • The framework will guide the implementation of CPST for patients at the end of life.