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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

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A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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High priority research needs for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Wendy L Bennett1, Karen A Robinson, Ian J Saldanha

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 2024 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. wendy.bennett@jhmi.edu

Journal of Women'S Health (2002)
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new eight-step process identified 15 high-priority research questions for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management. This research aims to improve care for women with GDM by focusing on medication, delivery, and long-term health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management requires focused research to address knowledge gaps.
  • Identifying high-priority research questions is crucial for advancing GDM care and improving maternal and infant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a systematic process for identifying and prioritizing unanswered research questions in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management.
  • To establish a consensus-driven list of critical research questions to guide future GDM research endeavors.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review on GDM was used as a foundation for an eight-step process.
  • This process involved gap identification, author feedback, PICOS framework application, stakeholder refinement, Delphi method consensus, outcome prioritization, and conceptual framework development.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen high-priority research questions for GDM management were identified.
  • Key areas include GDM medication (oral agents vs. insulin), delivery management (induction vs. expectant), and post-GDM type 2 diabetes risk.
  • High-priority outcomes for future studies include offspring chronic disease development, cesarean delivery, and birth trauma.

Conclusions:

  • An eight-step, multidisciplinary stakeholder process successfully identified 15 high-priority GDM research questions.
  • This prioritized list serves as a guide for researchers, policymakers, and funders to direct resources effectively.
  • The findings aim to improve the clinical management and long-term health of women with GDM and their offspring.