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Related Concept Videos

Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
10:20

Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Published on: March 24, 2023

Estimating kinship in admixed populations.

Timothy Thornton1, Hua Tang, Thomas J Hoffmann

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA. tathornt@u.washington.edu

American Journal of Human Genetics
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

We developed REAP, a novel method for estimating genetic relatedness in admixed populations. This tool accurately identifies cryptic relatives in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), improving genetic analyses.

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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

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Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are crucial for identifying genetic loci influencing complex traits.
  • Accurate relatedness and population structure estimation are vital to prevent spurious associations in GWASs.
  • Existing methods often struggle with structured or admixed populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust method for estimating genetic relatedness in admixed populations.
  • To accurately estimate identity by descent (IBD)-sharing probabilities and kinship coefficients in structured populations.
  • To address limitations of current relatedness estimation techniques in diverse cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed REAP (Relatedness Estimation in Admixed Populations) method.
  • Utilized individual-specific allele frequencies based on whole-genome ancestry analysis.
  • Accounted for population structure and ancestry-related assortative mating.

Main Results:

  • REAP demonstrated accurate estimation of IBD-sharing probabilities and kinship coefficients in simulations.
  • Identified previously unreported third- and fourth-degree relatives in the MXL population (International Haplotype Map Project).
  • Detected hundreds of cryptically related individuals in the WHI-SHARe study (African American and Hispanic samples).

Conclusions:

  • REAP provides robust and accurate relatedness estimation in admixed and structured populations.
  • The method enhances the reliability of GWASs by properly accounting for complex population structures.
  • REAP successfully identified cryptic relatedness in real-world datasets, highlighting its practical utility.